Users
of social media have been increasingly reporting that their accounts have been
either censored, blocked or suspended during the past year. Initially, some
believed that the incidents might be technical in nature, with overloaded
servers struggling to keep up with the large and growing number of accounts,
but it eventually emerged that the interference was deliberate and was focused
on individuals and groups that were involved in political or social activities
considered to be controversial.
At the end of last year a number of Russian
accounts on Facebook and elsewhere were suspended over the allegations that
social media had been used to spread so-called false news that had possibly
materially affected the 2016 presidential election in the United States. Even
though it proved impossible to demonstrate that the relatively innocuous
Russian efforts had any impact in comparison to the huge investment in
advertising and propaganda engaged in by the two major parties, social media
quickly responded to the negative publicity.
Now it has been learned that
major social media and internet service providers have, throughout the past
year, been meeting secretly with the United States and Israeli governments to
remove content as well as ban account holders from their sites. The United
States and Israel have no legal right to tell private companies what to do but
it is clearly understood that the two governments can make things very
difficult for those service providers that do not fall in line. Israel has
threatened to limit access to sites like Facebook or to ban it altogether while
the U.S. Justice Department can use terrorist legislation, even if implausible,
to force compliance. Washington recently forced Facebook to cancel the account
of the Chechen Republic’s leader Ramzan Kadyrov, a Putin loyalist that the
White House has recently “sanctioned.”
Israel is not surprisingly most active in
patrolling the Internet as it is keen to keep out any material sympathetic to
the Palestinian cause or critical of Israeli treatment of Arabs. Its security
services scan the stories being surfaced and go to the service providers to ask
that material be deleted or blocked based on the questionable proposition that
it constitutes “incitement” to violence. Facebook reportedly cooperates 95% of
the time to delete material or shut down accounts. Palestinian groups, which
use social networking on the internet to communicate, have been especially hard
hit, with ten leading administrators’ accounts being removed in 2017. Israeli
accounts including material threatening to kill Arabs are not censored.
Microsoft, Google, YouTube, Twitter and Facebook
are all also under pressure to cooperate with pro-Israel private groups in the
United States, to include the powerful Anti-Defamation League (ADL). The ADL seeks “to
engineer new solutions to stop cyberhate” by blocking “hate language,” which
includes any criticism of Israel that might even implausibly be construed as
anti-Semitism. Expanding restrictions on what is being defined as “hate speech”
will undoubtedly become common in social media and more generally all across
the internet in 2018.
The internet, widely seen as a highway where
everyone could communicate and share ideas freely, is actually a toll road that
is increasingly managed by a group of very large corporations that, when acting
in unison, control what is seen and not seen. Search engines already are set up
to prioritize information from paid “sponsors,” which come up prominently but
often have nothing to do with what material is most relevant. And the role of
intrusive governments in dictating to Facebook and other sites who will be
heard and who will be silenced should also be troubling, as it means that
information that would benefit the public might never be seen, particularly if
it is embarrassing to powerful interests. And speaking of powerful interests,
groups like the ADL with partisan agendas will undoubtedly be able to dictate
norms of behavior to the service providers, leading to still more loss of
content and relevancy for those who are looking for information.
All things considered, the year 2018 will be a
rough one for those who are struggling to maintain the internet as a source of
relatively free information. Governments and interest groups have seen the
threat posed by such liberty and are reacting to it. They will do their best to
bring it under control.
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